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This attack broke the South; keeping memory sharp; the odd King George III; classic July 4 images

BIRTH OF ‘AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL’ VIEW ONLINE
WHAT GETTYSBURG WROUGHT
Monday, July 3, 2023
In today’s newsletter, we mark the anniversary of the decisive moment of the Civil War, learn what it’s like to portray Honest Abe, see classic July 4 images … and discover what inspired ‘America the Beautiful.’ Plus, which bug repellants actually work?
AGE FOTOSTOCK

Until that bloody afternoon—160 years ago today—the United States did not know if it would remain united, or be permanently divided into two.

Until the desperate Confederacy sent its troops uphill in Pennsylvania farmland in the face of withering fire, there was a possibility the South could win.

In a few hours, Gen. Robert E. Lee would decide to turn tail and retreat back south. More than 50,000 bodies lay in Gettysburg. New maps show the pathway to the slaughter—itself a route to a nation’s turbulent reunification.

GETTYSBURG’S BLOODY SECRETS
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NG MAPS

The fatal charge:
The map (above) shows the South’s disastrous frontal attack (in red) against entrenched Northern positions at Gettysburg. At top, a monument commemorates the North’s hilltop defenders. Read more.
STORIES WE’RE FOLLOWING
PHOTOGRAPH BY CARY WOLINSKY
The U.S. has deployed submersibles since 1776 (a replica of the pioneering Turtle, above)
Want to keep your memory sharp? Here’s how.
Exclusive: Skull from perplexing ritual site reconstructed
Did El Niño prompt a mass child sacrifice in Peru?
How the Declaration of Independence wooed people away from Britain
Is the Adderall shortage leading to job loss, self-harm?
Mytery solved: the severed feet washing up on the shores of the Pacific Northwest
This is how ‘America the Beautiful’ was born Related:Classic Fourth of July images
How eating and drinking (alcohol) can disrupt a night’s sleep
These bug repellants really work—if you use them correctly
What is the gut microbiome—and how can it affect your health?
PHOTO OF THE DAY
PHOTOGRAPH BY GRETA PRATT
All about Abe: They love America. They love the 16th president. There are so many Abraham Lincoln presenters and re-enactors that they get together for an annual convention (above). What’s it like being Honest Abe?
READY, WILLING, AND ABE L
IN THE SPOTLIGHT
IMAGE VIA BETTMANN/GETTY IAMGES
The odd King George III: Yes, his character was in Hamilton. Yes, he married Queen Charlotte. Pop-culture references aside, who was the British ruler who lost the colonies that became the United States? The polite word would be, um, multilayered, we find out. (A painting depicts colonists pulling down his statue in New York during the Revolutionary War.)
THE LOSER KING?
LAST GLIMPSE
PHOTOGRAPH BY KHOLOOD EID, NAT GEO IMAGE COLLECTION
Seeing America: Gardens, museums, a dude ranch, and Fourth of July parades. Here are some tips on things to see and do during this holiday week and beyond. (Above, a fly-fisher casts his line in Montana’s Rock Creek.)
WHERE TO GO
Today’s soundtrack: You’ll Be Back, Jonathan Groff (from the musical Hamilton)

Thanks for reading today’s newsletter! It was curated and edited by Jen Tse, Hannah Farrow, Nancy San Martín, and David Beard. Want to let us know your thoughts? Send away: david.beard@natgeo.com. Happy trails!
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